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What Is KPV?
KPV is a tripeptide with the amino acid sequence Lys-Pro-Val (lysine-proline-valine), corresponding to the C-terminal three residues of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH). It has been studied in laboratory models for its capacity to modulate inflammatory signaling pathways, particularly through inhibition of the NF-κB pathway and suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokine production in vitro.
| KPV — Key Research Specifications | |
|---|---|
| Full Name | KPV (Lys-Pro-Val) |
| Sequence | Lys-Pro-Val (three-amino-acid peptide) |
| Molecular Formula | C₁₆H₃₀N₄O₄ |
| Molecular Weight | ~342.43 g/mol |
| Appearance | Lyophilized white to off-white powder |
| Purity | ≥99% (HPLC verified) |
| Storage | Store at -20°C in lyophilized form; protect from light and moisture |
| Origin | C-terminal tripeptide of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) |
| Format | Lyophilized reagent in sterile vial |
What Is the Structure and Mechanism of KPV?
In vitro studies have identified several mechanisms by which KPV may modulate inflammatory signaling:
Laboratory Handling Note
KPV is a low-molecular-weight tripeptide (~342.43 g/mol). Its small size means it is readily soluble in aqueous solutions. However, because it is transported by PepT1 in biological systems, researchers should be aware that PepT1 substrate competition (e.g., from other di/tripeptides in the assay medium) may influence uptake in cell-based experiments.
How Is KPV Quality Verified and Tested?
PepperCo Research subjects every batch of KPV reagent to a multi-stage quality verification process to ensure consistency, purity, and identity for laboratory research applications.
| Quality Parameter | Method | Specification |
|---|---|---|
| Purity | Reverse-phase HPLC | ≥99% |
| Identity | Mass spectrometry (MS) | Confirmed molecular mass consistent with C₁₆H₃₀N₄O₄ |
| Amino acid sequence | Sequence verification | Lys-Pro-Val confirmed |
| Residual solvents | Gas chromatography | Within USP <467> limits |
| Endotoxin | LAL assay | ≤1.0 EU/mg |
| Net content | Gravimetric analysis | As stated on vial label |
| Appearance | Visual inspection | White to off-white lyophilized powder |
Each batch is accompanied by a Certificate of Analysis (COA) documenting the results above. PepperCo Research also engages independent third-party testing to verify batch-level quality. Researchers can review HPLC chromatograms and mass spectrometry data for any lot by requesting the corresponding COA.
For a detailed explanation of the analytical methods used, see our articles on HPLC testing and lyophilization.
KPV Reagent — Available for Laboratory Research
Lyophilized KPV (Lys-Pro-Val) in sterile vials. ≥99% purity, HPLC-verified, with Certificate of Analysis.
Frequently Asked Questions About KPV
What is KPV peptide?
KPV is a tripeptide composed of the amino acids lysine, proline, and valine (Lys-Pro-Val). It corresponds to the C-terminal three-amino-acid sequence of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and has been studied for anti-inflammatory signaling in cellular and animal laboratory models.
How does KPV work in laboratory research models?
Published in vitro research indicates that KPV inhibits the NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathway, reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and may be transported into cells via the PepT1 di/tripeptide transporter. Studies in human bronchial epithelial cells suggest KPV interferes with nuclear import of the NF-κB subunit p65RelA, suppressing downstream inflammatory gene expression.
Is KPV the same as alpha-MSH?
How should KPV reagent be stored and reconstituted for laboratory use?
KPV is supplied as a lyophilized reagent in a sterile vial and should be stored at -20°C in its dry form. For reconstitution, researchers typically use sterile bacteriostatic water or an appropriate laboratory buffer. Reconstituted solutions should be aliquoted, stored frozen, and subjected to repeated freeze-thaw cycles minimized to preserve reagent integrity.